Pranav,+Natalie+and+Catherine

__British Imperialism in India(1600 - 1947)__
Group of merchants set up Trading company in 1600 Was granted a monopoly by Queen Elizabeth I on trade in the East Indies After arriving to Surat in 1608, a British envoy went to Delhi to meet Mughal empire and was given permission to set up a British trading post in Surat 1700s - three major posts in India: Madras, Bombay, Calcutta Motive of trade - got high profits from salt, indigo, coffee, but large amounts of cotton were exported from India to Britain. British also traded skills of weaving cloth and windling raw cloth for sugar, indigo, or opium - British also exercised military and political power - chief agent of British imperialism, also modernized India Mughal empire was breaking up, and the weakness benefited British East India company - collected taxes, used force Established political power in India after the battle of Plassey in 1757 after defeating Mughal empire - Start of British rule in India Suffered financial problems as military and administrative costs were huge British Parliament passed the India Regulating Act of 1773 got control over the company Political power was revoked when British Parliament passed the Government of India Act on August 2, 1858 --> transferred power to the crown Sepoys were the Indian troops hired by the British to protect the trading posts, sepoys served under British officers British took land, imposed taxes, instituted reforms, built canals and railroads, encouraged education Main cause was the British did things against Hindu belief which led to revolt Many Indians didn't like the British getting involved with their customs Cow and pig fat greased on cartridges of the rifles - against sacred customs of Hindus and Muslims Discontent in Indian population led to Sepoy Rebllion - first major blow to Indian and British relations Indian Rebellion of 1857 spread, but Indians were unprepared and not well armed Defeated by British within 2 years and executed many rebels Effects were that once sepoys massacred British people, the British slaughtered unarmed Indians Result of rebellion was that government of UK took control over India from the East India Company in 1858 Queen Victoria became empress of India Dissolved aspects of Mughal empire Result - British became cautious, Indians became bitter towards their rulers
 * British East India Company**
 * Sepoy Rebellion**

Sepoy Rebellion in relation to Nationalism Many Hindus and Muslims became concerned with the presence of British missionaries and attempts to Christianize nation Lord Charles John Canning (last governor general) enacted theGeneral Service Enlistment Act in 1856 --> Bengali soldiers, which were sepoys, had to accept service wherever they were told to go Hindus saw this as an attempt to "pollute" their Brahmins and high caste members with Christianity. This is so because if they had to go anywhere, they could be far away from their basic faith and mix with other cultures Amount of reform was overwhelming to Indians such as when the British allowed widows, who were viewed as outcats, to remarry final spark of the sepoy rebellion was when Indians (Hindus and Muslims) had to grease gun cartridges with pig and cow fat and bitten down to work --> cows sacred to Hindus, With the 85 sepoys, mutiny erupted in Delhi, Lucknow, and in Cawpore throughout Northern India Even Indian princes and nobles joined on the side of the Indians in the mutiny because the British East India Company seized their power and land British was outnumbered and the sepoys and other Indians fired at British men, women, and children...British had deep vengeance, who would kill unarmed Indians (villagers, servants, etc) --> inevitable that British would defeat the rebels - they had superior technology, unified forces

When British ruled India, head of British administrator was Governor General and Viceroy of India Office created in 1773 - officer had direct control over Fort William in Bengal, but supervised other British East India Company officials in India After power was taken from the British East India Company, the viceroy (Governor General) became the monarch of India because he had the authority over British India
 * Viceroy:** The governor of a country or province who rules in the name of the sovereign - king's substitute

**Nehru** - he was the first and longest serving statesmen and prime minister India. He was elected by the Congress party and re elected to office. He won the first general election in 1952. The prime minister was given the honor to raise the Indian flag every morning. He included many different economic policies, education, foreign, and national security. In 1906 Muslims formed the Muslim League in effort to attain their own goals; they wanted a separate Muslim state. Jinnah became the leader of the Muslim League in 1916 (previously the leader of the Indian National Congress) and orchestrated the Lucknow Pact Deforestation began in the 19th century (1850s) by the British in order to build railroads [] - sepoy rebellion
 * Indian National Congress** - a major political party in India which is like the United States government. It is composed of a cabinet that is like the legislature. The 543 member house are all elected to the positions based on the people in the several regions (states) in India. The party was formed after India gained their independence in 1947. The party was founded in the mid to late 1800's but it could not be established because of British dominance and rule of the area. Today, many people are full activists in the party and many more are participants in demonstrations and rallies to end British rule in India. the party was started and led by the Nehru/Gandhi families. Jawaharlal Nehru soon became the prime minister of India, and led the country under this majority party: the INC. INC was also joined with United Progressive Alliance (UPA) to form the Majority. For India, the party included many different economic, social, and foreign policies. The party was created for the opposition of British rule.
 * Gandhi** - Mahatma Gandhi was a civil rights activist who fought against, racism, violence and prejudice against India from the British. He first started his work with as a civil activist as a lawyer in South Africa with the predominance of colonists coming into Africa. He then moved back to India to start his work their, passively fighting the British forces. He not only fought against British monopolies, violence, and racism, he also wanted to start women's rights, religious freedom, and end untouchability (english name for the lowest class who were seen as outcasts and shunned from society) inside India. Because of many old methods of social treatment, people were not treated properly and inside India, there was always a certain superiority complex amongst the same race of people. The cast system would not allow them to move up an their lives were very harsh. His big roles were scattered throughout the time he came from Africa, all the way up to the end of world war two. Many of the hardships he faced were of menial things, like being thrown off a train even though he held a valid first class ticket. He was moved to third class. Other rallies included the Salt March, when England put a monopoly on salt production within India. Gandhi and many other followers marched to the factory and put a stop the production to make sure that the British did not get any money. He was killed in a year after India got their independence in 1947 due to an assassination.
 * Muslim League**
 * They wanted separate/independent district boars, municipalities and legislative councils
 * Created to attempt separation from British imperialistic rule (created around time of revolutionary nationalism)
 * Nationalism in the face of imperialism
 * AND in fear of the growing Hindu population
 * In 1911 moved from just Muslim separation, benefits to what was best for India as a whole and people
 * Formed alliance with similarly nationalistic/revolutionary Indian National Congress with the Lucknow Pact of December 1916
 * "the attainment under the aegis of the British Crown of a //system of self-government suited to India"// in the Muslim League constitution
 * Jinnah**
 * The Lucknow Pact guaranteed Muslims more representation in government and formed an alliance between both the Indian National Congress and Muslim League and the moderates and radicals
 * He made an effort to cooperate with the British to get what was best for the Muslims from them
 * He made an effort for a separate homeland for Muslims
 * When the Muslim League was separated into different factions he was rivaled up against Mohammad Shafi (the Punjabi politician)
 * Deforestation**
 * Specific Indian trees used for fuel and materials in railroads
 * This caused a timber crisis in India and led to the beginning of reserves in an attempt to restore India's forests
 * In 1864 the Imperial Forest Department was created in an effort to restore the trees lost due to deforestation by the British
 * Primary Documents**
 * Primary Documents**

1600 - British merchants set British East India Company 1757 - British East India Company established true political power after the Battle of Plassey on June 23 1857 - May 9 - 85 sepoys refused to load their guns --> Sepoy Rebellion 1858 - political power was revoked by the British parliament when they passed the Government of India Act on August 2 --> government of India was transferred from East India Company to the British crown, governor general was given the name viceroy 1947 - India gained independence
 * Important Dates**

http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=117184335988139054723.000485e3dccdbe3eb3bfa&ll=22.268764,88.769531&spn=34.840311,79.013672&z=4&iwloc=000486343989336b41003
 * Google Map**

http://www.xtimeline.com/timeline/British-Imperialism-in-India
 * Timeline**

[|India and British Imperialism]
 * Prezi**


 * Bibliography**

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